informing him that I sent it at your request. It was inserted immediately, and the very next morning after its appearance, I observed about one half of it in our “Daily Chronicle.”⁴The Newcastle Daily Chronicle was established in 1858. The owner of the liberal paper, Colonel Joseph Cowen, ceased its publication in 1922 when it merged with the . , 169; , 278; Herd, , 265. The “Newcastle Guardean’’⁵ The Newcastle was a liberal daily established in 1846 by Peter Stewart Macliver and George Bradley. Robert Ward assumed ownership of the paper in 1855. , 169; , 278; Herd, , 221. followed this example, and I have no doubt it has appeared, in whole, or in part, in very many English newspapers. I am informed that the “Leeds Mercury”⁶First published in 1718, the Leeds Mercury was one of Great Britain’s leading liberal provincial newspapers in the nineteenth century. In the 1840s, the paper had nearly ten thousand subscribers. The Mercury became a weekly in 1861, and was noted for supporting parliamentary reform, Catholic emancipation, and the extension of civil liberties. From 1859 until the mid-1860s, the paper published numerous antislavery articles. The ceased publication in 1937, when it was absorbed by the Yorkshire . Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor, eds., (London, 2009), 354. (the most important paper in these Northern parts) gave a good part of it, and also quote the Comments of various papers. The only unfavourable notice I have seen was in a Bristol paper, in which the appeal was described in a short leader, with the remark that it was uncalled for in this country, as there was no danger of the course you deprecate being adopted. I quite think there is a turn of the tide observable, and that the Northern states are beginning to be looked upon with more favour. Your appeal has doubtless helped on this change. We shall soon see what the first of January produces, and if the proclamation takes effect, you may expect a full tide of sympathy. So far as I can see there is a better prospect for the success of the Federal arms than there has yet been; and our statesmen I think will be wise enough to demur before recognising a Confederacy which may soon have no existence. It is hardly safe to speculate however before the rapid course of events.

I obtained a dozen copies of the “Daily News.” One of these I trust you would receive, as it was posted by next mail. I also sent to Lewis Tappan, Wm Goodell, and Samuel Rhoads.⁷Samuel Rhoads, Jr. (1807–68) was the son of Samuel Rhoads, a member of the Continental Congress and mayor of Philadelphia in 1774. He was educated at Haverford College in Philadelphia. An orthodox Quaker, Rhoads assisted Myrtilla Miner in the establishment of her school for African Americans in Washington in the early 1850s. Rhoads actively supported the antislavery movement and wrote (1845). On 20 June 1845, a group of Philadelphia Quakers, along with Rhoads, met to discuss the merits of a free-produce association. They met again on 19 September to ratify the constitution of the Philadelphia Free Produce Association of Friends (PFPA) to promote the abolishment of slavery by the purchase and manufacture of free-labor cotton and other goods. Samuel Rhoads was designated a manager of the free-labor store and participated in the Committee on Supplies and the Committee on Manufactures. He was the editor of the , a publication used to disseminate information relative to the PFPA’s work, from 1846 until its closure in 1850. The mission of the PFPA was later carried out through the publication of the more liberal established in 1857. Rhoads assumed the editorship and remained editor of the until his death. Ruth Ketring Nuermberger, (Durham, 1942), 35n, 36, 65n, 96, 105, 107; Mabee, , 142, 202; (online).

In the same paper there was the address of the French branch of the “Evangelical Alliance”,⁸Following an inaugural conference held in Liverpool, England, in 1845, a group of over 900 Protestant clergy and laypeople met at Freemason’s Hall in London in August 1846 for what became the founding conference of the Evangelical Alliance. While attending the conference, a group of the French-speaking delegates laid the groundwork for establishing a French division of the alliance. These French members, drawn mostly from a Reformed (Calvinist) background, met for the first time in April 1847. It was determined then that local branches of the alliance would be set up in Bordeaux, Brussels, Geneva, Lausanne, Lille, Lyons, Neufchatel, Nimes, Paris, Strasburg, and Toulouse. “French Organization in Connection with the Evangelical Alliance,” , 1:137 (May 1847); Mark Hutchinson and John Wolffe, (New York, 2012), 1–2. to the American churches. An admirable document, both Anti-slavery and pacific! No allusion whatever to ,⁹Richardson paraphrases from the first book of kings: "And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.” 1 Kgs. 12:11. as in a certain other notorious document.

Have you seen a work entitled “The Slave Power”, by Professor Cairns¹⁰John Elliot Cairnes (1823–75) was a political economist. Born in County Louth, Ireland, he graduated with a B.A. and an M.A. from Trinity College in Dublin in 1848 and 1854. Cairnes won the Whately Chair of Political Economy in 1856, and began lecturing at the Trinity College in 1857. His first lectures were published under the title . Cairnes began his tenure as professor of jurisprudence and political economy at Queen’s College, Galway, in 1859. , published in 1862, documents Cairnes’s political and economic theory of slavery and his condemnation of the “inevitable formation of an arrogant aristocracy” and “rampant expansionism” resulting “from the slave society.” Harold D. Woodman, introduction to , J[ohn]| E[lliot] Cairnes (1862; New York, 1969), xxi–xxiii, xxxii; (online). of Queen’s College, Galway? I have only seen extracts, but thought he placed the subject in a clearer light than any writer I have met with. You would doubtless dissent from his conclusion, vis. that the South had better be allowed to secede, with the Mississippi for its boundary, so as for the North to retain its hold on Texas and Northern Mexico. This, after all, may be the best solution that is possible.

With kindest regards[,] Your friend sincerely

HENRY RICHARDSON.

[P.S.] Samuel Hughan¹¹Samuel Hughan (1837–96) was born in Devonshire and reared in Scotland. In 1861 he moved to Newcastle-Upon-Tyne and entered into a partnership with John Cameron Swan as a merchant and commission agent. In 1866, Hughan immigrated to New York City and began working as an importer. In 1868 he married Margaret West, a writer and composer, with whom he had three daughters, including Jessie Wallace Hughan, a well-known educator and social activist. A pacifist, Hughan supported the single-tax movement and woman suffrage. He occasionally worked as a freelance journalist, and in 1886 managed Henry George’s unsuccessful campaign for mayor of New York City. 1851 Scotland Census, Wigtownshire, Sorbie, 12; 1880 U.S. Census, New York, King’s County, 37; Scott H. Bennett, (Syracuse, N.Y., 2003), 2–3.

9. Mosley Street

Newcastle on Tyne

Please to alter S. Hughan’s address to the above. It seems that for a whole
year, he got no paper. He has just paid 15/—for three years. HR.

ALS: General Correspondence File, reel 1, frames 756-58, FD Papers, DLC.