Frederick Douglass.

THE
FREDERICK DOUGLASS
PAPERS

SERIES TWO

Autobiographical Writings

VOLUME 3
LIFE AND TIMES OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS

Book 1: The Text and Editorial Apparatus

JOHN P. McKIVIGAN, Editor

THE FREDERICK DOUGLASS PAPERS

Series Two: Autobiographical Writings

VOLUME 3: LIFE AND TIMES OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS

[Photograph of Frederick Douglass]

Fredk Douglass

Frontispiece, 1881 edition. Frederick Douglass Papers Editorial Office, Indianapolis

(centered) THE
FREDERICK DOUGLASS
PAPERS

Series Two: Autobiographical Writings

Volume 3: Life and Times of Frederick Douglass
Book 1: The Text and Editorial Apparatus

John R. McKivigan, Editor

Joseph R. McElrath. Jr., Textual Editor
Jesse S. Crisler, Textual Editor

Robin L. Condon, Managing Editor
L. Diane Barnes, Associate Editor
James A. Hanna, Whitney R. Smith, Assistant Editors
Mark G. Emerson, Peter P. Hinks, Heathcr L. Kaufman,
Jeremiah Nyhuis, Editorial Assistants
Hannah Cox, Geoffrey Gagen, Christine McNulty,
Scott Philotoff, Jarret Ruminski,
Research Assistants

Yale University Press New Haven and London

Published with assistance from National Historical Publications and Records Commission.

Copyright C 2012 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced,
in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by
Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public
press), without written permission from the publishers. Yale University Press books may be
purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please
e-mail sales.press@yale.edu (U.S. office) or sales@yaleup.co.uk (U.K. office).

Set in Times Roman type by the Editorial Staff of the Frederick Douglass Paper, Printed in
the United States of America.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2012940612
ISBN 978-0-300-17634-6 (2-book set)
ISBN 978-0-300-18947-6 (Book I)

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

This paper meets the requirements of ANSI NISO Z39.48-1992 ( Permanence of Paper)

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

NHPRC
DOCUMENTING DEMOCRACY
National Historical Publications and Records Commission

Mondern Language Association MLA
An Approved Edition
Committee on Scholarly Editions

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

Mary F. Berry
Richard J. M. B1ackett
Carl Degler
Robert L. Hall
Darlene C. Hine
Howard Lamar
Howard Temperley
George B. Tindall

Contents

Book I
Acknowledgments ix
Abbreviations xi
Introduction to Volume Three xiii
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass 1
First Part 23
Second Part 153
Third Part 375
Appendix 459
Editorial Apparatus
Textual Afterword 485
Textual Notes 509
List of Editorial Emendations 513
Line-End Hyphenation 531
Historical Collation 537
Descriptive Bibliography 541
The Park Publishing Company Illustrations 561
Index 583

Book 2
Abbreviations to Book 2 vii
Historical Annotation 629
Introductions to the English Edition 1041
Reader Responses. 1881 93 1045

VII

Acknowledgments

The publication of Frederick Douglass's third autobiography, Life and Times
of Frederick Douglass, marks the completion of the Douglass Papers' second
series of volumes. Autobiographical Writings. Editor John R. McKivigan
played the primary role in this text's inception, researching and planning
for years before work on the volume began in earnest. As with earlier volumes.
McKivigan benefited greatly from the project founder John Blassingame's
vision for the autobiographical writings series and from the
preliminary work accomplished by Blassingame and his staff at Yale University.
Important early work on the volume also was performed by Douglass
Papers staff at West Virginia University, Victoria Gruber, and Gerald
Fulkerson. The project would like to thank the National Endowment of the
Humanities and especially the National Historical Publications and Records
Commision for their continuing support of our work.

The bulk of the Lifc and Times work was undertaken at Indiana University
Purdue University at Indianapolis, where the project relocated its
operations in summer 1998. The Douglass Papers is grateful for the institutional
support from the School of Liberal Arts and the Department of History.
A special debt is owed to the following individuals at Indiana
University Purdue University at Indianapolis for their assistance to the
project: William A. Blomquist, David A. Ford, Philip Goff, Mary Gelzleichter,
Joy Kramer, Edith Millikan, Sharon Peterman, Gail Plater, Herman
Saatkamp, Philip Scarpino, William Schneider, and Robert W. White.

Gratitude is also due to a number of specific indviduals and organizations.
Timothy Connelly frum the National Historical Publications and
Records Commission and the staff of the National Endowment for the
Humanities supplied valuable advice to the Douglass Papers over many
years. The National Historical Publications and Records Commission
deserves additional thanks for its assignment to this project of Sean P.
Adams as a Documentary Editing Fellow. During the development of this
volume, we were fortunate to benefit from productive conversations with
visiting researchers: Nicholas Buccola of Linfield College shared his
insights on Douglass from the perspective of political science; University of
California-Berkeley's Samuel Otter provided us with new ideas while working
on his own book: Ann Coughlan, visiting from University College,

ix

X ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Cork, Ireland, provided us with unique interpretations of Douglass's time in
the British Isles. Exchanges with Robert Levine of University of Maryland
and David Blight of Yale University have stimulated our thought and work.
Indiana University undergraduate Aaron Fogle spent the summer of 2009
conducting research and writing annotations for the present volume. We
thank him for his meticulous attention to detail and his accuracy. Lou Ann
Crisler provided essential contributions to the final tandem collations of the
text. Jessica Peters of Florida State University provided a similar contribution,
and, in addition, lent the present volume her technical expertise in the
form of the digital reproductions of the original illustrations that appeared
in Life and Times.

The Douglass Papers is fortunate to share space and resources with an
extraordinarily generous and accomplished community of scholars and
staff. This critical edition is one of four residing at the Institute for American
Thought of Indiana University's School of Liberal Arts. Our colleagues
from the Peirce Edition Project, the Santayana Edition, and the Ray Bradbury
Edition have contributed in many ways to this volume, recounting their
own comparable experiences, suggesting innovations, and sharing their
wisdom with great good spirit and humor. For their help and exemplary
collegiality, we wish to thank David Pfeifer, Nathan Houser. Andre De Tienne,
Cornelis de Waal, Diana Reynolds, Joseph Kaposta, Ali Zimmerman, Marianne
Wokeck, Kristine Frost, Martin Coleman, Johanna Resler, David
Spiech, Bryan Roesler, Martha Rujuwa, and Kara Peterson. Professor
Jonathan R. Eller, Senior Textual Editor for the Institute, provided help with such
consistency that one sentence cannot discharge the project's debt to him; his
patience and encyclopedic knowledge have proven invaluable.

The Douglass Papers wishes to thank the members of the faculty Millenium
Black Studies Seminar (2009-2010) at the Indiana University
School of Liberal Arts for providing input on an early draft of the volume
introduction; the project is grateful for insightful comments from Johnny
Goldfinger, Susan Hyatt, Ronda C. Henry, Missy Kubitschek, Thomas F.
Marvin, Modupe Labode, and Nancy Robertson.

The editors at Yale University Press have shepherded Douglass Papers
volumes through the production process with great care and skill. Special
thanks are due to Vadim Staklo, our series editor, and to Margaret Otzel.
senior production editor, for their guidance.

Abbreviations

ACAB Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography
AHR American Historical Review
ANB American National Biography
ASB Anti-Slavery Bugle
BDUSC Biographic Directory of the United States Congress
CH Church History
ChR Christian Recorder
CtHnf Nook Farm Research Library
CtY Yale University
CWH Civil War History
DAB Dictionary of American Biography
DANB Dictionary of American Negro Biography
DHU-MS Moorland-Spingarn Library, Howard University
DLC Library of Congress
DM Douglass' Monthly
DNB Dictionary of National Biography
EAAH Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619-1895
FD Frederick Douglass
FDP Frederick Douglass' Paper
JAH Journal of American History
JISHS Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
JNH Journal of Negro History
JSH Journal of Southern History
Lib Liberator
LNArc Amistad Research Center, Louisiana State University
MB Boston Public Library
MdAA Hall of Records Commission, Annapolis, Md.
MdHi Maryland Historical Society
MdHM Maryland Historical Magazine
MdTCH Talbot County, Maryland, Courthouse
MeB Bowdoin College Library
MHiS Massachusetts Historical Society
MPlyS Sturgis Library, Barnstable, Massachusetts
MVHR Mississippi Valley Historical Review
NAR North American Review
NASS National Anti-Slavery Standard
NAW Notable American Women
NCAB National Cyclopaedia of American Biography

xi

xii ABBREVIATIONS

NEQ New England Quarterly
NHB Negro History Bulletin
NHi New-York Historical Society
NjP Princeton University
NNE New National Era
NRU University of Rochester
NS North Star
NSyU Syracuse University
OR The War of Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the
Union and Confederate Armies
PaF Pennsylvania Freeman
PHi Historical Society of Pennsylvania
RH Rochester History