For Frederick Douglass' Paper

Heads of the Colored People.—No. VII.

THE INVENTOR.

These sketches were sadly interrupted by
the long and painful illness of one whose little
chair is vacant by my hearthstone, whose lit
tle grave is filled on the hill-side: and, again
and again, as I sit by my easel, brush in
hand, spirit fingers weave his golden hair
upon the canvass, and those sad eyes light
upon me, and spirit voices break the stillness
of the night, in cadences now light and
[fi]ery, now sobbing in keen agony. * *

When you announced your "workshop"
[plan], Mr. Editor, I had doubts as to its prac
ticability—doubts arising from the belief
[that] among this race of contriving Yankees
who surround us, it would be a vain effort to
enter the lists as contrivers: human ingenu
ity in handicraft, has undoubtedly found
its maximum, among our white American
brethren, not only in consequence of the
sharpened instinct growing out of the physi
cal circumstances, but also by reason of the
vast influx of experienced handicraftsmen,
whom the restlessness of conscious energies,
or political necessity, or inducements of large
pecuniary reward, have driven to our shores.

The attempt, therefore, to bring up a class
of black handicraftsmen, "hand workers,"

as the Greeks have it, who, in order to live,
must not only equal but excel their white
competitors, is an attempt to oppose the
fresh, untutored intellect of the negro,
against the accumulated experience and he
reditary skill of the whites, in the very
matter—contrivance—in which, next to
blood shedding, the whites are born to excel.

However bold the challenge or the attempt,
it is not without some hope of success. The
very desperateness with which the whites
close their workshops against us, partakes of
the energy with which men defend a citadel
which contains their all, and which they feel
may be taken. Their opposition therefore
betrays their consciousness that we may com
pete and win. It is our business to confirm
their fears.

Another source of doubt, in your plan,
was the fact, that so far as I could see or
learn, very few colored men have directed
their attention to mechanics practical or
theoratical. But my friend, Wm. Whipper,
assures me that in the inland towns and vil
lages, quite a number of our brethren devote
their long winter evenings to mechanical
contrivances. And a friend from Alabama
gives me this cheering fact: A few years
ago, a white mechanic contracted to build a
new State House, in accordance with an ac
cepted plan. He went on famously until it
came to the roofing and cupola; there, he
stuck: nor could he find in the State, any
white man competent to complete these
parts of the edifice. Another carpenter,
however, whom we shall call Mr. B—, had
a slave, also a carpenter, who undertook
and completed the roof and cupola aforesaid.
Shortly after, his master, who had determin
ed to set him free, petitioned the Legislature,

sitting under the roof and cupola aforesaid,
for permission to emancipate this masterly
mechanic, so that he might remain in the
State a free man: the enlightened laws of
Alabama, as you know, making expatriation
the cause of emancipation. Well, the Leg
islature refused the prayer to the petition.—The master then declared openly, that if they
did not grant his petition, he would set his
bond-mechanic free, and send him away from
the State. This threat had the desired ef
fect—the Legislature reconsidering their
vote, and gave permission, and saved to the
State its ablest mechanic. If so much can
be done by mechanical genius in a slave
state, how much more may be done in a free
one.

At our neighboring village of Brooklyn
also, the finest carpenter work in the town
hall was done by a black carpenter educated,
I believe, way down South. And in this
connexion, I cannot help remarking that I
argue with our friend Uriah Boston in say
ing that you were "down on the barbers" a
little too severely. I know a cozy little black
room, off a barber's shop in the Swamp in
our city, where the delicate touch cultivated
by handling the razor, was successfully
transferred to the canvass and pictures, at
first stiff and formal, gradually assumed an
ease and gracefulness in outline, and a vivid
ness in tone and coloring, that promised a
not remote maturity, when the easel was
forsaken for the lumber-yard of our friend
Stephen Smith. The case tells strongly
against you, Mr. Briareus Editor, so down
upon the barber; had the swamp barber re
mained in the swamp, he would have become

a painter of note: now he may become a
man of wealth, but his artist dream is o'er.
And this same friend of mine exercised not
a little mechanical ingenuity in constructing
steamboat paddles, loco-motion breaks, and
an apparatus for ventilating an apartment
with fans moved by machinery.

But what has all this to do with one inven
tor? Excuse me, but standing in our "lane"
near the edge of the canal, (the Morris canal,)
my ideas floated along on each dimpling
wave, until one of them struck smack
against a crab net, which a boy coolly scoop
ed up and threw into his basket! I believe
there was a crab in the net also, which re
minds me of the fact that the Napoleon of
soft shell crabs led to the hymerical alter, last
night, one of the loveliest of New York's
lovely widows: and it is whispered that a
distinguished apothecary has taken to squab
pigeons, which a French marquis asserts, is
the surests way to assuage grief.

And this reminds me of the fact that there
is more widow and widower weddings on the
carpet here in Gotham, than weddings of the
other sort. This is a curious state of things,
and as I am fond of facts placed in a tangi
ble shape, I would feel obliged to Professor
Reason for a formula to show that the old
theorem of the time of Eucled, to wit: that
love is represented by a circle with one
centre, equal radii—is a mistake: the truth
being, that love is an elipse, with two or
more foci, that is fire places, which makes
it handy. The Professor, while his hand
is in, would further oblige me with a
formula for counting minute hexagons in a
given space, showing also the shape of the
figure in which hexagons may most conveni-

ently be counted. I may as well add, that
this last request is in earnest, as the formula
will greatly aid in counting insect eyes under
the microscope.

But then, one Inventor. First and fore
most, then, the church being closed for clean
ing, and to allow the pastor a short respite
at Lake Mahopac, the good people of St.
Phillips, went the other day, just as engine
boys, insurance watchmen, &c., &c., do, on
a fishing excursion to Sheep's Head bay.—You should have seen them start, the omni
bus drivers gaily dressed, their six horse
teams, with an American flag fastened to each
horse's head, &c., &c. They were under the
control of the senior Warden: how like Well
ington he looked! For Wellington had two
eyes—so had the senior Warden: Welling
ton had a mouth—so had the senior Warden:
Wellington wore an old blue coat—the senior
Warden wore an ancient snuff colored body
coat—Wellington—in short he resembled
Wellington quite as much as Ethiop'sWilson, William Joseph ("Ethiop")

William Joseph Wilson (1818–?), a free black man from New Jersey, operated a bootmaking shop in New York City as early as the 1830s. In the 1840s he became a secondary school teacher and later a principal of a black school in Brooklyn. He was an activist on behalf of black education, encouraging access and attendance, and even opened his own library. Wilson also campaigned to secure the franchise for New York African Americans. He served as a member of the Committee of Thirteen, organized by New York black leaders to stop enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act. In the early 1850s Wilson’s letters appeared frequently in Frederick Douglass’ Paper, and Douglass referred to him as the newspaper’s “Brooklyn correspondent.” Wilson’s letters to the newspaper, published under the pseudonym “Ethiop,” were often part of an ongoing debate about the condition of blacks in New York and the United States. Wilson’s most frequent sparring partner in the war of letters was “Communipaw,” actually James McCune Smith, a prominent black physician in New York City. Carleton Mabee, Black Education in New York State: From Colonial to Modern Times (Syracuse, N.Y., 1979), 54, 63-67, 123, 129, 155, 158; Foner and Walker, Black State Conventions, 1:79-88; Quarles, Black Abolitionists, 87, 212, 229; Ripley, Black Abolitionist Papers, 4:144-45n. color
ed Horace Greeley resembles the white Hor
ace.

There now! I didn't intend to say one
word about Ethiop. I respect his grief for
the loss of his literary bantling at Roches
ter, and if it be not an untimely trespass to
hint such a thing, I would barely mention,
that it was a "knowin' baby," "too sensible
to live."

It is astonishing how much travel colored
American-dom has performed this season.—At Newport, Cape May and Shrewsbury,
there are very comfortable and reasonable
boarding houses especially designed for our
aristocracy; and all these houses have been
crowded during the season by intelligent
and fashionable boarders.

I regret to annouce the death of the moth
er of SAMUEL RINGGOLD WARD, which took
place in this city yesterday: this will prob
ably be the first notice he will receive of the
sad event, and I deeply sympathize with him
in his bereavement.

Yours, COMMUNIPAWSmith, James McCune

James McCune Smith (1813–65), a prominent black physician, abolitionist, and writer, was born in New York City to an enslaved father and a self-emancipated mother. He attended the New York African Free School, but was denied admission to Columbia University, Geneva Medical College, and the New York Academy of Medicine. He turned to the University of Glasgow in Scotland, where he received a B.A. (1835), M.A. (1836), and M.D. (1837). Upon returning to New York, he opened a pharmacy and medical practice that catered to both blacks and whites. He became involved in the abolitionist movement, serving as an associate editor of the Colored American in 1839, contributed regularly to the Anglo-African Magazine, and wrote correspondence for the North Star and Frederick Douglass’ Paper under the pseudonym “Communipaw.” Smith also wrote the introduction to Douglass’s second autobiography, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855). In 1861, Smith helped finance the revival of the Weekly Anglo-African to oppose black colonization and emigration, and he was a prominent member of the New York City Young Men’s Association, the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, and the New York African Society for Mutual Relief. He was the sole attending physician of the Society for the Promotion of Education Among Colored Children, a member and vestryman of St. Philip’s Episcopal Church, and a trustee of the New York Society for the Promotion of Education Among Colored Children. In 1863 Wilberforce College appointed Smith professor of anthropology, but illness kept him from assuming his post. Lib., 1 June 1838; FDP, 18 May 1855; Douglass Papers, ser. 2:7–19; Miller, Search for a Black Nationality, 243; Pease and Pease, They Who Would Be Free, 90–92, 103, 110; Quarles, Black Abolitionists, 115, 134; Rhoda G. Freeman, “The Free Negro in New York City in the Era before the Civil War” (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1966), 40–42, 177, 186, 195, 200, 247, 276, 286, 325, 353, 393; DAB, 27:288–89. .